On independence from Spain in 1821, Panama was incorporated into Gran Colombia. Panama gained independence from Colombia with US support in 1903. - 1903 US buys concession for Panama Canal.
- 1914–1939 Canal opens to traffic. US protectorate status ended.
- 1968–1981 Rule of Col. Torrijos Herrera.
- 1989 Indicted narcotics trafficker Gen. Noriega annuls elections to retain power. US invasion.
- 1994 PRD wins presidency and is largest party in parliament.
- 1999 PA's Mireya Moscoso elected first woman president. December, control of Canal Zone reverts from US to Panama.
From "The Financial Times World Desk Reference" © Dorling Kindersley 2004 | 
