Population density: 62/km² (160/mi²)

Main languages spoken: Spanish, Garífuna (Carib), English Creole

As in most of Central America, very few pure indigenous groups remain. The estimated 45,000 Miskito Amerindians, and an English-speaking garífuna (black) population on the Caribbean coast united in 1999 to oppose a constitutional amendment allowing foreigners to buy land in coastal areas, traditionally their communal lands. Poverty is at the root of social tension; whites still have the best opportunities.

Rural poverty and strong Roman Catholicism (97% are Roman Catholic) mean that the family is a powerful unifying force. The status of women is low; many work in domestic service.

THE URBAN/RURAL POPULATION SPLIT

ETHNIC MAKEUP

From "The Financial Times World Desk Reference" © Dorling Kindersley 2004